XXIX.
1775-1780.
[Emin
and
Moore
-
To
Bushire
-
To
Shiraz
-
Petition
to
Shah
-
Goes
to
Julfa
-
Catholicos
Simons
treacherous
plot
against
his
life
-
Rather
than
fall
a
victim
to
the
envy
of
this
ecclesiastic,
consents
to
marriage
and
life
in
Julfa
-
Disturbed
state
of
Persia
after
death
of
Kherim
Khan
-
His
brother
-
Revolt
of
Ali
Murad
-
Assassination
of
Zaki
Khan
-
Saduk
Khan
-
Ali
Murad
at
Ispahan
-
Trouble
at
Ispahan
and
Julfa
-
Persians
despoil
Armenian
churches
-
By
Ali
Murads
orders
Emin
raises
a
troop
of
Armenians
-
Ali
offers
to
make
him
governor
of
Julfa
-
Immediate
jealousy
of
bishop
of
Julfa
-
Emin
narrowly
escapes
death
at
Ali
Murads
levée
-
More
plotting
against
him
-
"A
dangerous
man
because
he
drinks
no
wine
and
is
always
sober"
-
But
Ali
Murad
refuses
to
listen,
and
declares
none
shall
molest
him
while
he
reigns.
]
Emin,
a
year
before,
having
been
favoured
with
a
letter
of
recommendation
from
Mr.
Moore
to
Simon,
patriarch
of
Armenia,
had,
on
coming
back
from
Bosra,
entered
as
a
volunteer
in
that
affair,
intending
to
exert
himself
in
it,
and
hoping
to
gain
Mr.
Moores
good
opinion;
but
unfortunately
he
was
disappointed.
Having
been
almost
two
months
in
that
station
doing
nothing,
he
thought
it
proper
to
go
to
Mr.
Moore
and
take
leave;
but
he
in
a
friendly
manner
expressed
some
little
anger
in
the
following
words:
"Emin,
I
must
tell
you
that
you
are
not
in
your
senses.
-
I
advise
you
to
drop
your
chimerical
scheme
of
going
to
Armenia:
the
ungrateful
people
of
that
country
are
not
worthy
to
be
made
free.
-
What
I
have
heard
of
your
conduct
in
Europe
agrees
with
these
two
months
service
before
my
eyes,
in
which
you
have
distinguished
yourself
in
a
becoming
manner.
Be
advised
by
me
-
return
to
Bengal
again.
-
I
will
write
to
Mr.
Hastings
a
very
strong
letter
in
your
favour,
and
he
will
promote
you.
"
But
Emin
was
infatuated,
and
could
not
be
persuaded.
With
much
difficulty
Emin
obtained
permission
to
depart,
and
landed
at
Bushir,
where
he
staid
about
seven
months.
He
then
joined
a
caravan
and
went
to
Shiraz,
where
he
remained
nine
months
on
purpose
to
avoid
the
suspicions
of
the
Persians.
In
that
interval
he
drew
a
sort
of
memorial
or
petition
to
the
late
king
of
Persia,
the
famous
Carim
Khan,
stating,
that
he
should
be
happy
to
live
in
his
majestys
dominions,
and
to
settle
himself
in
any
part
of
it
that
would
suit
his
circumstances.
The
king,
accepting
his
arzi,
sealed
it,
and
so
did
his
vizier
Mirza
Jaffer,
with
all
the
Mirzas
of
his
court.
After
staying
so
long
a
time
in
Shiraz,
he
travelled
with
a
caravan
to
Julpha
in
Ispahan
where,
flattering
himself
with
hopes
of
setting
out
in
another
caravan,
he
was
informed
by
some
people
that
the
Beglar
Beg
(or
governor)
had
given
orders,
that
on
the
day
preceding
the
departure
of
the
caravan
he
should
be
laid
hold
of.
Marcus
Vardapit
(or
the
monk)
who
had
at
that
time
brought
presents
from
Etzmiatzin
(or
the
Three
Churches)
for
Carim
Khan,
and,
having
returned
from
Shiraz,
was
going
in
the
same
caravan,
told
Emin,
in
a
friendly
manner,
that
if
he
should
escape
at
Ispahan
by
some
means
or
other,
yet
he
would
be
made
an
end
of
by
Simon
the
Catholicus
of
Etzmiatzin,
who
would
deliver
him
to
the
fury
of
Husein
Ali
Khan,
the
governor
of
Iravan.
He
added,
it
was
true
that
all
the
Armenians
were
ready
to
receive
and
be
commanded
by
Emin;
but
that
their
souls
and
bodies
depended
on
his
Holinesss
will
and
pleasure,
lest
he
should
damn
them
to
eternity:
therefore
he
and
many
more
advised
Emin
to
be
married
and
save
his
life.
He,
considering
awhile,
consented
rather
than
fall
a
victim
to
the
enormous
envy
of
an
earthly
unmerciful
idol.
Simons
clandestine
manner
of
writing
letters
to
several
places,
giving
the
injurious
appellation
of
tyrant
to
Heraclius,
whom
he
for
several
years
had
flattered
with
the
title
of
sovereign
lord
of
Armenia,
was
at
last
discovered
by
intercepting
his
Holinesss
letters
and
the
discovery
cost
him
pretty
dear,
the
prince
exacting
great
sums
of
money
from
him
for
a
duplicity
so
contrary
to
his
holy
profession.
Both
those
great
men
in
power,
Heraclius
and
Simon,
acknowledged
their
error
in
not
knowing
the
merit
of
a
well
meaning
man;
the
former
not
putting
confidence
in
him,
the
latter
not
encouraging
him.
Concerning
his
Holiness,
Emin
said,
that
if
he
had
assisted
him,
he
would
not
have
been
so
dashed
by
the
chagrin
of
his
own
conduct;
he
would
not
have
been
treated
so
ill
by
the
Vali
of
Georgia;
which
speech
his
Holiness
took
so
much
to
heart,
that
in
two
or
three
years
time
he
died
in
a
consumption.
Here
the
author
may
seem
to
speak
rather
more
of
his
own
merit
than
he
ought;
but
if
the
good
reader
could
have
been
an
eye-witness
of
his
European
management
in
those
barbarous
countries,
and
could
have
seen
how
near
he
was
to
the
accomplishment
of
his
original
plan,
he
would
have
blamed
him
for
not
writing
every
particular
of
his
life,
which
he
endeavours
to
make
as
brief
as
possible.
He
must
have
succeeded,
if
those
two
powerful
persons
had
not
been
jealous
of
him.
They
afterwards
were
sorry
that
they
did
not
know
him
better.
But
it
was
then
too
late.
Emin
therefore
married
principally
for
the
safety
of
his
life,
and
in
six
years,
Providence
blessed
him
with
four
children,
two
of
them
male,
and
two
of
them
female.
When
Carim
Khan
died,
the
kingdom
of
Persia
fell
topsy-turvy.
Zaky
Khan,
his
brother,
after
destroying
four
or
more
khans
at
Shiraz,
sent
Aly
Murad
Khan,
his
lieutenant,
to
Ispahan,
to
check
Zolfkhan
Khan
the
Ovshar
Aly
Murad.
After
cutting
him
off,
with
his
uncle
and
eighteen
of
his
relations,
and
putting
a
mob
of
twenty
thousand
men
to
flight,
he
revolted
from
Zaky
Khan,
who,
after
reigning
in
Shiraz
forty
days,
marched
out
with
a
hundred
thousand
men
to
chastize
Aly
Murad;
but
within
three
days
march
he
was
assassinated
by
his
troops,
in
a
village
called
Coshkizan.
Abulfat
Khan,
son
of
Carim,
who
was
with
Zakys
army
as
a
prisoner,
being
set
free
by
the
assassins
and
proclaimed
king
of
Persia,
was
conducted
in
triumph
back
to
Shiraz,
and
set
on
the
throne
of
his
father
Carim.
Saduk
Khan,
his
uncle,
who
had
fled
before
from
the
fury
of
the
late
Zaky
Khan,
returned
from
Systan,
and
finding
his
unworthy
nephew
Abulfat
Khan
in
a
deplorable
state
of
debauchery,
drinking
with
his
footmen,
or
common
servants,
and
dancing-women,
day
and
night,
without
minding
the
precarious
government
of
his
dominions,
took
that
opportunity
to
dethrone
and
imprison
him.
During
these
transactions,
Aly
Murad,
at
Ispahan,
ordered
a
proclamation
to
be
sounded
in
the
ears
of
the
people
and
troops,
that
his
revolt,
from
the
first
to
the
last,
was
on
account
of
Carims
family,
and
that
his
intent
was
to
replace
Abdulfat
Khan
on
the
throne
of
his
late
father.
In
this
manner
masking
his
wicked
design,
at
the
head
of
40,
000
men
he
marched
out,
defeated
and
slew
Zolfkhan
Khan,
another
Ovshar
prince
of
Zangan
Sultan,
within
three
days
journey,
of
Hamadan,
whose
army
amounted
to
25,
000
men.
During
Aly
Murads
absence
from
Ispahan,
Saduk
Khan,
his
step-father,
reigning
in
Shiraz,
sent
Jaffer
Khan,
of
the
same
mother
as
Aly
Murad,
with
about
12,
000
men,
to
take
possession
of
Ispahan,
which
accordingly
he
did.
Aly
Murad,
after
his
success
against
Zolfkhan,
had
marched
down
to
Mazindaram,
and
also
defeated
Aga
Mahmud
Khan
the
Cajar;
but
hearing
the
news
of
Saduk
Khans
proceeding,
he
was
much
exasperated
and
more
so
by
his
sending
Jaffer
to
Ispahan
to
succeed
him.
The
just
government
of
Jaffer
in
three
months
almost
relieved
the
poor
subjects
from
their
distresses;
yet,
four
days
before
the
tyrants
arrival,
the
good
Jaffers
army
deserted,
and
went
over
to
Aly
Murad,
while
Jaffer,
with
a
few
of
his
own
domestics,
flew
to
Shiraz.
Aly
Murad,
a
month
after
his
entering
the
town
of
Ispahan,
detached
40,
000
men,
of
whom
he
gave
the
command
to
his
nephew
Seid
Murad
Khan,
who
marched
four
days
journey,
and
encamped
with
his
army
at
Shiraz.
Aly
Murad
being
intoxicated
with
his
late
mobbish
victories,
began
to
exact
unreasonable
sums
of
money
from
the
citizens,
impoverishing
several
families;
giving
himself
up
to
drinking,
and
to
all
kinds
of
debauchery,
so
as
to
strip
himself
stark
naked,
and
to
dance
like
a
harlequin
in
the
palace
before
his
general
officers
and
troops;
in
a
place
which,
two
centuries
before,
was
revered
by
the
Persians
as
a
sanctum
sanctorum.
He
esteemed
himself
firmly
established
on
the
throne
of
Persia,
when
news
came
that
Seid
Murads
army
was
dispersed
without
fighting
by
Aly
Naky
Khan,
the
third
son
of
Saduk
Khan
by
another
woman.
Aly
Murads
standing
army,
already
offended
at
his
foolish
behaviour,
mutinied,
carrying
away
several
chests
of
his
treasures;
and
in
their
way,
plundering
the
people
and
the
shops
in
the
bazar.
Some
of
them
went
to
their
own
country,
others
marched
to
join
Aly
Naky,
except
forty
or
fifty
Armenians
and
Georgians,
who
took
care
of
his
haram,
or
apartments
of
the
women,
and
fled
with
him
to
Hamadan,
and
that
with
great
difficulty.
After
four
days
more,
Aly
Naky
arrived
at
Ispahan,
in
as
much
triumph,
because
he
had
deceived
the
poor
people
of
Yezd,
as
if
he
had
defeated
the
army
of
the
Grand
Signor,
and
taken
Constantinople.
The
wretched
young
devil,
in
whom
the
subjects
as
well
as
the
troops
had
put
great
hopes,
because
he
was
a
son
of
the
prudent
Saduk
Khan,
behaved
ten
times
worse
than
Aly
Murad.
Instead
of
pursuing
him
immediately,
when
he
might
have
taken
him
with
ease,
he
halted
forty
days
at
Ispahan
where
he
and
his
officers
fell
to
drinking
wine,
defiled
four
hundred
virgins
of
the
town,
and
forced
two
girls
from
Julpha,
one
of
them
out
of
the
nunnery,
the
other
a
daughter
of
a
secular
priest.
It
was
lucky
for
the
Armenians
that
their
children
were
not
so
handsome
as
the
Persians;
otherwise
they
might
all
have
been
torn
away
from
their
parents,
and
ruined
by
the
lust
of
those
monsters.
During
that
time,
Aly
Murad
recovered
himself
at
Hamadan,
where
Aly
Kuly
Khan
of
Kirmansha,
with
12,
000
Curds,
joined
him.
The
multitude
of
Ispahan
were
disgusted
at
Aly
Nakys
beastly
conduct;
and
the
diabolical
Mirzas,
who
are
the
ruin
of
that
empire,
sent
private
letters
to
Aly
Murad,
encouraging
him
to
march
to
Ispahan.
He
set
out,
therefore,
and
came
within
a
days
march
of
it,
when
Aly
Naky
went
out
to
Muchakher
to
give
him
battle;
but
his
army
left
him
and
joined
Aly
Murad;
whilst
he,
with
some
cavalry,
fled
to
Shiraz;
where
afterwards
he,
with
his
father,
mother,
and
several
brothers,
after
a
siege
of
thirteen
months,
were
taken
and
put
to
death
by
the
cruel
Aly
Murad
who,
after
three
days,
arrived
at
Ispahan
in
triumph;
kindling
again
the
fire
of
oppression,
bastinadoing
the
men,
and
burning
the
breasts
of
the
rich
women,
and
taking
from
all
the
subjects
great
sums
of
money,
so
as
to
render
that
city
once
more
splendid
with
extorted
riches,
exactly
as
in
the
reign
of
the
tyrant
Nadir
Shah.
All
these
events
happened
within
the
space
of
little
more
than
two
years.
The
patriarch
Mackertish
of
Julpha,
with
several
monks,
were
taken
up
and
beaten
most
unmercifully,
till
they
confessed
where
they
had
concealed
the
silver
and
gold
vessels
of
the
church,
which
consisted
of
eucharists,
crosses,
and
sentyres,
to
the
value
of
seven
thousand
tumans,
besides
rich
diamonds,
rubies,
and
other
gems,
fixed
in
them.
The
precious
metals
were
melted
and
struck
into
money;
and
the
jewels
were
kept
in
the
kings
treasury.
In
all
this
time,
no
soul
passed
by
the
door
of
Emin,
nor
said
a
word
to
him:
but
when
the
storm
of
Aly
Murads
tyranny
was
over,
the
Georgians,
who
had
been
the
chief
instruments
of
ruining
the
monastery,
and
the
scattered
inhabitants
of
Julpha
informed
him,
that
Emin
had
been
in
the
armies
of
the
English,
and
understood
their
art
of
fighting.
Aly
Murad
hearing
that,
gave
orders
to
one
of
his
men,
named
Mirza
Abdul
Carim,
who
came
to
Julpha
to
find
out
Emin,
and
inlist
him
sultan,
or
lieutenant-general,
whether
he
would
or
not;
telling
him
plainly,
that
if
he
shewed
the
least
unwillingness,
his
head
should
be
cut
off
immediately;
and
that
it
was
his
majestys
special
command
to
inlist
twelve
Armenian
young
men
of
Julpha
and
give
him
the
command
of
them.
"You
are
now,
"
said
he,
"to
increase
your
detachment
with
as
many
recruits
as
you
can
raise,
and
train
them
up
like
Franks,
so
as
to
be
ready
in
eight
months
to
march
with
his
majesty
against
the
city
of
Shiraz;
and
you,
with
your
twelve
men,
must
attend
his
levee
to-morrow
morning,
to
make
your
salutation.
"
Emin,
finding
himself
innocently
in
a
scrape,
and
fearing
the
tyrants
resentment,
made
no
objections.
The
next
day,
about
nine
oclock
in
the
forenoon,
he
went
to
Ispahan,
and
entered
the
palace
of
the
late
Shah
Abbas,
(commonly
called
Favila
Talrab,
)
making
his
bow,
as
directed
by
the
aid-de-camp,
and
standing
in
the
ranks
of
general
officers.
After
ten
minutes,
Aly
Murad
ordered
twenty
tumans
to
be
given
to
him,
to
be
distributed
among
his
men;
and
appointed
him,
with
his
twelve
recruits,
to
be
his
life-guards,
next
to
the
haram
where
his
majesty
slept.
Within
a
few
days,
Emin
received
three
different
lists
from
the
Armenians
of
Julpha,
each
containing
one
hundred
and
ten
men
ready
to
enter
into
that
devils
service.
Emin
imprudently,
not
considering
the
ill-consequence,
refused
them,
at
the
hazard
of
his
own
head,
rather
than
suffer
so
many
thoughtless
Christians
to
be
ruined
or
destroyed;
for
if
the
next
competitor
should
overcome
the
villain,
they
must
stand
the
chance
not
only
of
losing
their
lives,
but
of
being
enslaved
with
all
their
families,
and
having
their
effects
confiscated;
instances
of
which
they
had
before
seen
with
their
own
eyes.
Emin
reprimanded
them
in
a
brotherly
manner,
till
they
were
quiet,
and
went
about
their
business.
He
little
thought
of
his
precarious
condition,
his
mind
being
agitated
by
despair,
and
not
finding
any
means
to
deliver
himself
from
the
trap
he
was
caught
in.
But
Providence,
who
has
the
care
of
all
mankind,
unexpectedly
delivered
him,
though
not
without
some
danger.
Aly
Murad,
and
all
his
generals,
observing
Emin
to
be
so
sanguinely
attentive
to
his
duty,
said,
that
he
would
give
him
the
management
of
Julpha,
to
receive
the
taxes
and
raise
as
many
Armenians
as
he
could.
The
wild
Georgians
were
often
reprimanded
and
laughed
at
for
not
being
so
exact
in
their
waiting;
on
the
contrary,
they
were
mostly
drunk
and
gaming,
even
in
the
guard-house.
The
report
of
this
was
carried
to
Makertish
Vardapit
at
Julpha,
the
head
bishop
of
the
monastery,
who
fearing
that
he
should
be
turned
out
of
his
calanteri,
or
government,
went,
unknown
to
Emin,
and
privately
bribed
Mahomed
Husein
Khan,
the
beglarbeg
of
Ispahan,
with
forty
tumans.
Husein
therefore
represented
to
Aly
Murad,
in
private,
that
the
world
began
to
talk,
and
to
suspect
that
he
was
much
distressed
for
want
of
fighting-men,
since
he
pressed
the
poor
Julpha
Armenians
into
the
service.
This
address
quickly
affected
Aly
Murad,
who
said,
"Very
well,
they
shall
be
dismissed;
but
Emin
Sultan
shall
continue
in
the
service.
"
Emin
not
knowing
all
this,
after
being
about
a
month
in
the
service,
went
one
morning
according
to
custom
to
the
levee,
and
made
a
very
low
bow,
standing
in
the
ranks
of
the
khans,
resolving
either
to
have
his
head
struck
off
or
be
discharged,
according
to
the
regulations
of
that
infernal
court.
When
Aly
Cooly
Khan
of
Carmansha
arrived,
who
used
to
come
in
after
all
the
commanding-officers
and
sit
by
Aly
Murad,
the
first
comers
made
a
bow
and
retired,
so
that
the
levee
was
over
in
fifteen
minutes;
but
Emin
stood
unmoved.
Aly
Murad
nodded
to
him
three
different
times
to
go
away.
He
pretended
not
to
know
his
meaning.
The
officers
standing
close
to
his
side,
on
the
right
and
left,
said
to
him
softly
and
kindly,
"For
Gods
sake
go
away:
did
not
you
see
how
a
little
while
ago
he
strangled
two
men
for
offending
him?
By
the
Prophets
head
you
will
share
the
same
fate.
"
But
Emin,
trusting
in
God,
could
not
be
persuaded:
when
Aly
Murad
called
out
aloud
in
a
fury,
"You
Nanakally
khans,
"
(Nanakally
is
the
name
of
the
mountaineer
tribes),
"drive
the
Armenian
sultan
away.
"
They
did
so,
but
not
violently;
because
every
one
of
them
had
a
regard
for
him.
Aly
Murad
perceiving
their
partiality,
repeated
his
order
with
double
force.
Before
they
could
reach
him,
he
made
a
shift
to
rush
through
the
crowd,
and
went
out
of
the
gates,
standing
about
fifty
yards
from
the
cabac
(or
the
pole
fixed
in
the
middle
of
the
grand
square,
)
under
which
the
condemned
men
are
to
have
their
heads
struck
off.
In
this
disagreeable
situation
Emin
had
just
time
to
say
a
short
prayer,
and
resign
himself
to
God,
expecting
the
men
to
come
out
with
drawn
swords
to
put
him
to
death.
He
had
hardly
been
there
ten
minutes,
when
Mirza
Abdul
Carim,
who
had
inlisted
him,
came
from
Aly
Murad
Khan
alone,
looking
as
pale
as
death,
and
wishing
him
joy,
pronouncing
these
very
words:
"O
Sultan!
God
has
bestowed
on
you
his
infinite
mercy.
Aly
Murad,
(whom
the
devil
take
to
hell,
)
has
made
you
muraskhas,
or
discharged.
You
are
now
free
and
secure
from
all
dangers,
but
you
were
within
a
hairs
breadth
of
losing
your
life.
You
behaved
like
a
hero,
and
I
am
glad
it
so
happened:
but
to
the
great
shame
of
Aly
Murad
the
king
of
Persia,
he
has
given
me
orders
to
tell
you,
that
you
and
your
detachment
are
to
pay
back
the
twenty
tumans
which
he
gave
at
first
as
an
inam,
or
gratuity,
and
which
must
now
be
received
by
the
dirty
Georgian
dogs.
Go,
my
honest
friend,
bless
God
for
his
miraculous
mercy,
and
rest
satisfied!"
Emin
thanked
him,
and
paid
the
paltry
inam
back
to
the
Georgians,
who
pretended
to
be
sorry;
but
some
villains,
who
had
a
hand
in
the
plot,
with
Makertish
the
monk,
accused
the
author
before
Aly
Murad,
telling
him
every
article
of
his
transactions
in
Georgia,
Armenia,
and
Dagistan;
and
saying,
that
he
was
a
dangerous
man,
since
he
was
always
sober,
drank
no
wine,
and
kept
no
bad
company;
so
that
if
the
Musulman
soldiers
should
be
attached
to
him,
he
might
raise
a
tumult,
and
possibly
effect
a
revolution.
Aly
Murad,
who
seemed
to
preserve
at
that
time
a
small
share
of
humanity,
though
he
had
been
cruel
enough
to
destroy
no
fewer
than
forty
of
his
own
family,
and
after
taking
Shiraz,
had
tortured
to
death
his
father
and
brothers,
besides
many
generals
and
lords,
yet
he
then
seemed
to
have
more
feeling
and
good
sense
than
to
listen
to
those
abandoned
low-lived
Georgians.
He
only
asked
them
if
Emin
had
any
money?
They
answered,
no.
Upon
which
Aly
Murad,
in
great
anger,
said
to
them,
"Get
you
gone,
you
worthless
black-hearted
dogs!
Emin
is
an
honest
man,
whom
we
have
not
made
captive
by
our
swords;
and
he
shall
be
free
from
your
false
calumnies,
so
as
to
live
happy
for
the
future
with
his
family
in
Julpha:
while
I
reign,
no
one
shall
molest
him:
and
at
your
peril
let
me
hear
no
more
against
the
poor
man.
"
Emin
had
been
in
Julpha
about
five
years,
and
during
the
whole
time
had
many
disagreeable
apprehensions
before
that
accusation
was
made.
His
alarms
affected
him
not
so
much
while
he
was
out
of
his
house
as
when
he
was
at
home
and
any
person
knocked
at
the
door;
he
then
felt
to
his
heart
for
his
helpless
family;
imagining
there
was
somebody
sent
to
demand
his
head.
Like
a
careful
porter,
he
was
at
all
times
ready
to
open
the
door
himself,
that
if
any
disastrous
accident
should
crush
him,
he
might
avoid
seeing
his
poor
family
and
harmless
children.
He
wished
to
die
five
or
six
minutes
before
he
should
see
their
misery.
He
often
called
to
mind
the
wise
saying
of
Mareshal
Saxe,
"That
a
soldier
should
not
be
married;
"
and
this
is
particularly
true
in
such
a
despotic
government
and
distracted
lawless
country,
where
he
was
however
compelled
to
marry,
as
he
has
mentioned
before.
